Cryptocurrencies are typically created and issued by private entities or individuals. For example, Bitcoin was introduced by an anonymous individual or group known as Satoshi Nakamoto. These digital assets operate on decentralized networks, utilizing blockchain technology to facilitate peer-to-peer transactions without the need for intermediaries like banks.

In contrast, central banks are exploring the development of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), which are digital versions of traditional fiat currencies. For instance, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is working on a phased implementation strategy for introducing a digital rupee. Unlike cryptocurrencies, CBDCs are centralized and issued by the respective monetary authorities, aiming to provide a digital alternative to physical cash.

It’s important to note that while private cryptocurrencies are not authorized by central banks and carry certain risks, CBDCs are official digital currencies backed by governments.